Daily Quiz – 11th Jan 2024

Explanation:

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:

• This Act provides for the protection of a listed species of animals, birds and plants, and also for the establishment of a network of ecologically-important protected areas within the country.
• The Act provides for the formation of wildlife advisory boards, wildlife wardens, specifies their powers and duties, etc.
• With the help of this act, India became a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
• The Act created six schedules which gave varying degrees of protection to classes of flora and fauna.
• Schedule I and Schedule II (Part II) get absolute protection and offences under these schedules attract the utmost penalties.

Schedule I:

• This Schedule covers endangered species.
• These species need rigorous protection and thus very harsh penalties for violation of the law are for species under this Schedule.
• Species under this Schedule are prohibited to be hunted throughout India, except under threat to human life.
• Absolute protection is accorded to species in this list.
• Trade of these animals is prohibited.

Examples: tiger, blackbuck, Himalayan Brown Bear, Brow-Antlered Deer, Blue whale, Common Dolphin, Cheetah, Clouded Leopard, hornbills, Indian Gazelle, etc.

Schedule II:

• Animals under this list are also accorded high protection.
• Their trade is prohibited.
• They cannot be hunted except under threat to human life.
• Examples: Kohinoor (insect), Assamese Macaque, Bengal Hanuman langur, Large Indian Civet, Indian Fox, Larger Kashmir Flying Squirrel, Kashmir Fox, etc.

Schedule III & IV:

• This list is for species that are not endangered.
• This includes protected species but the penalty for any violation is less compared to the first two schedules.
• Examples: hyena, Himalayan rat, porcupine, flying fox, Malabar tree toad, etc.

Schedule V:

• This schedule contains animals which can be hunted.
• Examples: mice, rat, common crow, fruit bats, etc.

Schedule VI:

• This list contains plants that are forbidden from cultivation.
• Examples: pitcher plant, blue vanda, red vanda etc.

Explanation:

• The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 provides for 26 weeks of paid maternity leave for women employees. Any establishment with more than 50 employees shall have the facility of a crèche for working mothers and the enterprises shall allow four visits a day for the mother to look after and feed the child in the crèche.
• For women who are expecting a child after already having 2 children, the duration of paid maternity leave shall be 12 weeks.

Explanation:

• International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are related to Child Labour.
• Convention No. 182 calls for the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, which includes slavery, forced labour and trafficking.
• Minimum Age Convention (No 138) mandates member countries of the ILO to fix the minimum age for admission to employment or work within its territory.

Explanation:

• International Development Association (IDA) is a financial institution that offers loans and funds to the poorest developing countries of the world.
• It was developed in 1960 headquartered in Washington DC, United States and works in cooperation with International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) which was developed in 1944 to help rebuild Europe after World War II.
• IBRD and IDA together are called the World Bank.
• Both the organisations have the same headquarters and staff and evaluate projects based on the same standards.
• IDA emphasises those countries which have the lowest gross national income and lowest per capita income.
• The aim of the World Bank is to reduce poverty and provide affordable development facilities to poor countries.
• These two organisations work collectively for the same

Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission

• It was launched in September 2021 by the Prime Minister through a video conference.
• It aims to provide digital health IDs for all Indian citizens to help hospitals, insurance firms, and citizens access health records electronically when required.
• The pilot project of the Mission had been announced by the Prime Minister from the ramparts of the Red Fort on 15^th August 2020.
• The project is being implemented in the pilot phase in six States & Union Territories.
• The National Health Authority (NHA) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare will be the implementing Agency.
• Participation in Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission is voluntary including for citizens.
• Participation in a healthcare facility or an institution is also voluntary and shall be taken by the respective management (government or private management).
• However, once the management decides to register the respective healthcare facility/institution in Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, it is essential for all the healthcare professionals serving the said facility/institution to register in Healthcare Professionals Registry so that the institution can become fully integrated with the National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE).
• It provides for seamless portability across the country.