Daily Quiz – 23rd Jan 2024

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Subhas Chandra Bose was the first to address Gandhiji as “the father of the nation” in his appeal to the masses on the Azad Hind radio from Singapore.

Statement 2 is correct: The Japanese government handed over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to him and he renamed it as ‘Shaheed and Swaraj’ islands respectively. Thus, he acquires the first stretch territory in free India.

Statement 3 is incorrect: It was Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee who was the youngest Vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta.

Statement 4 is correct: The National Planning Committee was set up under Jawaharlal Nehru during his Presidency in the 1938 INC session in Haripura.

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct and statement 3 is incorrect: In India, the Constitutional 93^rd amendment, 2005 added clause (5) in Article 15 which stated nothing shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled

Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions.

Statement 2 is correct: Art 15(5) was introduced by the Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005, so as to bring private unaided institutions into the ambit of reservations.

Explanation:

• Global Gender Gap Report is released annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF) since 2006.
• It measures gender parity in 146 countries and across four areas: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival and political empowerment.

Highlights of Global Gender Gap Report 2023:

1. India was ranked at 127 out of 146 countriesin terms of gender parity, an improvement of eight places from last year.
2. According to the report, India had attained parity in enrolment across all levels of education.
3. India had closed 64.3% of the overall gender gap.  However, it underlined that India had reached only 36.7 % parity on economic participation and opportunity.
4. On political empowerment, India has registered 25.3% parity, with women representing 15.1% of parliamentarians — the highest for the country since the inaugural report in 2006.
5. The index ranked India’s neighbours Pakistan at 142, Bangladesh at 59, China at 107,Nepal at 116, Sri Lanka at 115 and Bhutan at 103.
6. Iceland is the most gender-equal country in the worldfor the 14th consecutive year and the only one to have closed more than 90% of its gender gap.
7. Overall, the Southern Asian regionhas achieved 63.4% gender parity, the second-lowest of the eight regions.

Explanation:

Kaziranga National Park:

• Kaziranga national park is located in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam. The park is a home to two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses, which are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species.
• It was designated with National Park status in 1968 and was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 for its unique natural environment. Kaziranga is also recognized as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International for conservation of avifaunal species.

Rivers and Highways:

• The National Highway 37 passes through the park area.
• The park also has more than 250 seasonal water bodies, besides the Diphlu River running through it.

Explanation:

• A herd of elephants is led by their mother called the matriarch. When a group of elephants is travelling, the matriarch always takes the lead and directs the rest of the herd.
• The maximum gestation period can be 22 months. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years
• Elephants are keystone species as well as the Natural Heritage Animal of India. India has the largest number of wild Asian Elephants. The elephant population in the country is estimated to be over 30,000. Karnatakahas the highest elephant population in India.

Explanation:

Statement 2 is incorrect: The FCRA was enacted during the Emergency in 1976 in an atmosphere of apprehension that foreign powers were interfering in India’s affairs by pumping in funds through independent organizations. The law sought to regulate foreign donations to individuals and associations so that they functioned “in a manner consistent with the values of a sovereign democratic republic”.

Statement 3 is incorrect, and Statement 1 is correct: Broadly, the FCRA requires every person or NGO wishing to receive foreign donations to be registered under the Act. And to open a bank account for the receipt of the foreign funds in the State Bank of India, Delhi. They can utilize those funds only for the purpose for which they have been received and as stipulated in the Act.

Explanation:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

• AMR is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication previously used to treat them.
• Resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring alternative medications or higher doses, both of which may be more expensive or more toxic.
• Microbes resistant to multiple antimicrobials are called Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) or sometimes

Causes of AMR

• Usage - There is an increasing use of antibiotics for human and veterinary purposes in the recent period.
• There is irrational consumption (over usage) of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• Lack of effective regulation- The current standards of Central Pollution Control Board do not include antibiotic residues, and they are not monitored in the pharmaceutical industry effluents.
• The existing good manufacturing practices (GMP) under the WHO (2016) framework is restricted to drug safety alone and does not recognise the environmental risk with pharmaceuticals products.
• Waste Discharge- The uncontrolled discharge of untreated urban waste is another major source for AMR in many low- and middle-income countries

An Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) study in 2022 showed that the resistance level increases from 5% to 10% every year for broad-spectrum antimicrobials.