Daily Quiz – 29th Apr 2024 By adminMay 2, 2024Quiz Daily Quiz - 29th Apr 2024 Daily Quiz - 29th Apr 2024 1 / 5 With reference to potential application of transgenic animals, consider the following statements: They help in understanding how genes contribute to the development of disease. They can be used to create biological products to cure diseases. They can be used for testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans.How many statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Exp) Option c is the correct answer.Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals. Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced, although over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.Statement 1 is correct. Many transgenic animals are designed to increase our understanding of how genes contribute to the development of disease. These are specially made to serve as models for human diseases so that investigation of new treatments for diseases is made possible. Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer‟s.Statement 2 is correct. Transgenic animals can produce useful biological products by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product. Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products, but such products are often expensive to make.Statement 3 is correct. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. Transgenic mice are also used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine. Exp) Option c is the correct answer.Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals. Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced, although over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.Statement 1 is correct. Many transgenic animals are designed to increase our understanding of how genes contribute to the development of disease. These are specially made to serve as models for human diseases so that investigation of new treatments for diseases is made possible. Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer‟s.Statement 2 is correct. Transgenic animals can produce useful biological products by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product. Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products, but such products are often expensive to make.Statement 3 is correct. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. Transgenic mice are also used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine. 2 / 5 “Kessler syndrome”, often seen in news, is a computer security protocol for preventing data breaches. theory in environmental science explaining the impact of climate change on migratory patterns of birds. certain critical mass of space debris around the earth after which the total amount of space debris keeps on increasing. geophysical phenomenon in which the Earth‟s magnetic field reverses its polarity. Exp) Option c is the correct answer.Kessler syndrome, also called the Kessler effect, collisional cascading, or ablation cascade, wasproposed by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978. He observed that, once past a certain critical mass, the total amount of space debris will keep on increasing: collisions give rise to more debris and lead to more collisions, in a chain reaction. . This could render some orbital ranges unusable for many generations and pose a threat to the functioning of satellites and spacecraft.Kessler Syndrome is characterized by the presence of millions of debris pieces of various sizes. When these pieces collide, they create additional debris and additional collisions. This creates a cascading effect that increases the likelihood of further collisions. Exp) Option c is the correct answer.Kessler syndrome, also called the Kessler effect, collisional cascading, or ablation cascade, wasproposed by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978. He observed that, once past a certain critical mass, the total amount of space debris will keep on increasing: collisions give rise to more debris and lead to more collisions, in a chain reaction. . This could render some orbital ranges unusable for many generations and pose a threat to the functioning of satellites and spacecraft.Kessler Syndrome is characterized by the presence of millions of debris pieces of various sizes. When these pieces collide, they create additional debris and additional collisions. This creates a cascading effect that increases the likelihood of further collisions. 3 / 5 Consider the following statements regarding Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs): All operational nuclear reactors in India are PHWRs. Only fissile material can be used as fuel in PHWRs. It generates no nuclear waste as it uses heavy water as coolant.How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Exp) Option d is the correct answer.A pressurized heavy water reactor utilizes heavy water as both its coolant and moderator. Heavy water contains deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that absorbs fewer neutrons than regular hydrogen. This characteristic is crucial for nuclear fission reactions, which rely on neutrons for their chain reactions. The heavy water is pressurized, elevating its boiling point and enabling operation at high temperatures without boiling.Statement 1 is incorrect: Presently, India has 22 operating reactors, with an installed capacity of 6780 MWe. Among these eighteen reactors are Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and four are Light Water Reactors (LWRs).Statement 2 is incorrect: The Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) uses natural Uranium as its primary fuel. Uranium-238 is non-fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction in a thermalneutron reactor. PHWR doesn't require the uranium fuel to be enriched like in some other nuclear reactors. Deuterium absorbs fewer neutrons than hydrogen, which is extremely important as nuclear fission reactions require neutrons to carry out their chain reactions.Statement 3 is incorrect: PHWRs, like all nuclear reactors, produce nuclear waste such as Fission products when uranium dioxide pellets undergo fission and spent fuel from PHWR reactors. PHWR are not exempt from generating such byproducts. Exp) Option d is the correct answer.A pressurized heavy water reactor utilizes heavy water as both its coolant and moderator. Heavy water contains deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that absorbs fewer neutrons than regular hydrogen. This characteristic is crucial for nuclear fission reactions, which rely on neutrons for their chain reactions. The heavy water is pressurized, elevating its boiling point and enabling operation at high temperatures without boiling.Statement 1 is incorrect: Presently, India has 22 operating reactors, with an installed capacity of 6780 MWe. Among these eighteen reactors are Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and four are Light Water Reactors (LWRs).Statement 2 is incorrect: The Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) uses natural Uranium as its primary fuel. Uranium-238 is non-fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction in a thermalneutron reactor. PHWR doesn't require the uranium fuel to be enriched like in some other nuclear reactors. Deuterium absorbs fewer neutrons than hydrogen, which is extremely important as nuclear fission reactions require neutrons to carry out their chain reactions.Statement 3 is incorrect: PHWRs, like all nuclear reactors, produce nuclear waste such as Fission products when uranium dioxide pellets undergo fission and spent fuel from PHWR reactors. PHWR are not exempt from generating such byproducts. 4 / 5 With reference to „Open-source software‟, consider the following statements: It is a software publicly available for anyone to view, modify, and enhance. It is comparatively less vulnerable to malicious attacks than proprietary software. Android, Linux and Selenium are some of the examples of Open-source software.How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Open-source software refers to software whose source code is made available to the public. Users can view, modify, and distribute the code, fostering collaboration and community-driven development. Open-source software is often free to use and encourages transparency and innovation through a collaborative approach.Statement 1 is correct: Open source software (OSS) is software that has its source code publicly available for anyone to view, modify, and enhance. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works.Statement 2 is correct: OSS is transparent and open to scrutiny, which makes it less vulnerable to malicious attacks than proprietary software(owned by an individual or company). Because anyone can view and modify open source software. Community can spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have missedStatement 3 is correct: Android, Linux, and Selenium are some of the examples of OSS. Android is an open source operating system for mobile devices, Linux is an open source operating system for computers, and Selenium is an open source software for testing web applications. Open-source software refers to software whose source code is made available to the public. Users can view, modify, and distribute the code, fostering collaboration and community-driven development. Open-source software is often free to use and encourages transparency and innovation through a collaborative approach.Statement 1 is correct: Open source software (OSS) is software that has its source code publicly available for anyone to view, modify, and enhance. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works.Statement 2 is correct: OSS is transparent and open to scrutiny, which makes it less vulnerable to malicious attacks than proprietary software(owned by an individual or company). Because anyone can view and modify open source software. Community can spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have missedStatement 3 is correct: Android, Linux, and Selenium are some of the examples of OSS. Android is an open source operating system for mobile devices, Linux is an open source operating system for computers, and Selenium is an open source software for testing web applications. 5 / 5 Consider the following statements:Statement I: DNA vaccines have a lower immunogenicity (immune response) and efficacy than RNA vaccines.Statement II: DNA vaccines are more stable compared to RNA vaccines and can be stored at room temperature.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is· incorrect. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct. Exp) Option b is the correct answer.DNA and RNA vaccines are both types of genetic vaccines that use part of the virus‟ genetic code to stimulate an immune response. However, they have some differences in how they work.1) DNA Vaccines use a specific DNA sequence that codes for an antigen. They are delivered into the cell’s nucleus by a plasmid vector.2) RNA vaccines use a copy of mRNA that encodes an antigen. They are delivered into the cell’s cytoplasm by lipid nanoparticles.Statement I is correct: DNA vaccines have a lower immunogenicity (immune response) and efficacy than RNA vaccines. This is because DNA vaccines need to be transcribed into mRNA before they can produce antigens, while RNA vaccines consist of an mRNA strand that codes for a disease-specific antigen. Once the mRNA strand in the vaccine is inside the body‟s cells, the cells use the genetic information to produce the antigen. This antigen is then displayed on the cell surface, where it is recognised by the immune system. RNA vaccines also have the advantage of being more versatile and adaptable to different strains of viruses.Statement II is correct: DNA vaccines are more stable and can be stored at room temperature. RNA, being more susceptible to degradation, may require special storage conditions, including ultra-cold storage for some RNA vaccines. DNA vaccines, due to their stability, may have less stringent storage requirements. Hence the stability of the vaccine has no relation with the immune response in this case. Therefore, statement I and II are correct, but Statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I. Exp) Option b is the correct answer.DNA and RNA vaccines are both types of genetic vaccines that use part of the virus‟ genetic code to stimulate an immune response. However, they have some differences in how they work.1) DNA Vaccines use a specific DNA sequence that codes for an antigen. They are delivered into the cell’s nucleus by a plasmid vector.2) RNA vaccines use a copy of mRNA that encodes an antigen. They are delivered into the cell’s cytoplasm by lipid nanoparticles.Statement I is correct: DNA vaccines have a lower immunogenicity (immune response) and efficacy than RNA vaccines. This is because DNA vaccines need to be transcribed into mRNA before they can produce antigens, while RNA vaccines consist of an mRNA strand that codes for a disease-specific antigen. Once the mRNA strand in the vaccine is inside the body‟s cells, the cells use the genetic information to produce the antigen. This antigen is then displayed on the cell surface, where it is recognised by the immune system. RNA vaccines also have the advantage of being more versatile and adaptable to different strains of viruses.Statement II is correct: DNA vaccines are more stable and can be stored at room temperature. RNA, being more susceptible to degradation, may require special storage conditions, including ultra-cold storage for some RNA vaccines. DNA vaccines, due to their stability, may have less stringent storage requirements. Hence the stability of the vaccine has no relation with the immune response in this case. Therefore, statement I and II are correct, but Statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I. Your score isThe average score is 40% 0% Restart quiz