Daily Quiz – 29th Mar 2024

Statement 1 is correct. The Climate-Smart Village project in India is a program of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The CCAFS started piloting the Climate-Smart Village in 2012 in Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Kenya, Ethiopia,

Tanzania, and Uganda) and South Asia (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal).

Statement 2 is correct. Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCFAS) is carried out under CGIAR (formerly the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research). Headquarter of

CGIAR is in Montpellier, France. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites international organizations engaged in research about food security.

Statement 3 is correct. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is

a CGIAR Research Center. ICRISAT is a non-profit, non-political public international research

organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array of partners throughout the world.

GCF is the world‟s largest climate fund dedicated to fight climate change and mandated to support developing countries raise and realize their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) ambitions towards low-emissions, climate-resilient pathways.

Statement 1 is incorrect: GCF was established under the Cancún Agreements of COP-16 of UNFCCC held at Cancun in 2010, as a dedicated financing vehicle for developing countries within the global climate architecture, serving the Financial Mechanism of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The GCF is headquartered in Songdo, Incheon City, Republic of Korea.

Statement 3 is correct: GCF is mandated to invest 50% of its resources to mitigation and 50% to adaptation in grant equivalent. At least half of its adaptation resources must be invested in the most climate vulnerable countries (SIDS, LDCs, and African States). The GCF programming strategy recognizes that we must scale up both mitigation and adaptation efforts. Knowledge Base: GCF operates through a network of over 200 Accredited Entities and delivery partners who work directly with developing countries for project design and implementation. Its

partners include international and national commercial banks, multilateral, regional and national development finance institutions, equity funds institutions, United Nations agencies, and civil society organizations. GCF also serves as the formal financial mechanism for the Paris Agreement.

Carbon fertilization, also known as the carbon dioxide fertilization effect, is the phenomenon where increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enhance the growth and productivity of plants.

This effect occurs because plants use CO2 during photosynthesis to produce energy, and higher concentrations of CO2 can potentially stimulate plant growth and increase crop yields. However, the extent to which this effect occurs and its long-term implications for ecosystems and agriculture are

subjects of ongoing research and debate.

Option a is incorrect: Increased temperature of Earth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, refers to Global Warming.

Option b is incorrect: Ocean acidification refers to reduction in the pH and thereby increase in the acidity of the ocean of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

Option c is incorrect: Carbon sequestration is the capturing, removal and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the earth‟s atmosphere and storing it in plants, soil,etc. It is of two types; Biological carbon sequestration (BCS); In BCS carbon is stored in the natural environment. This includes what are known as „carbon sinks‟, such as forests, grasslands, soil, oceans and other bodies of water. This is also known as an „indirect‟ or passive form of sequestration.

Geological carbon sequestration (GCS); In GCS Under this carbon is stored in places such as underground geological formations or rocks. This process is largely artificial or „direct‟

Option d is correct Increased photosynthesis and growth of plants due to the increase in concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, this phenomenon is termed Carbon Fertilization or Carbon Dioxide fertilization effect.

The carbon fertilization effect has been reported to be the cause of 44% of Gross primary productivity (GPP) increase since the 2000s.

Studies have shown that Carbon Fertilization causes various advantages like: increased plant growth, improved agricultural productivity, enhanced carbon sequestration, etc.

However, it can also negatively affect the nutrient availability, ecosystem dynamic and long- term sustainability of agricultural systems.

Pair 1 is incorrect. The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (also known as CMS or the Bonn Convention) aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. It is one of a small number of intergovernmental treaties concerned with the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats on a global scale. The Convention's entered into force in 1983.

Pair 2 is correct. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal was adopted in 1989 and it came into force in 1992. The Basel Convention establishes standards for the transboundary movement of hazardous waste, solid waste, and municipal incinerator ash, including notice to and written confirmation from the receiving country prior to export.

Pair 3 is incorrect. The Rotterdam Convention is an international treaty designed to facilitate informed decision-making by countries with regard to trade in hazardous chemicals. It establishes a list of covered chemicals and requires parties seeking to export a chemical on that list to first establish that the intended importing country has consented to the import. It also requires that a party seeking to export a chemical that is not listed under the Convention but that is subject to a ban

or severe restriction in its own territory must provide notice to the importing country of the proposed export. The Convention entered into force on February 24, 2004.

The Social Cost of Carbon is usually estimated as the net present value of climate change impacts over the next 100 years (or longer) of one additional tonne of carbon emitted to the atmosphere

today. It is the marginal global damage costs of carbon emissions.

The social cost of carbon (SCC) is the central concept for the inclusion of climate change damages in the Cost-Benefit Analysis of public policy and public investments. It measures the present value in monetary terms of the damages incurred when an additional ton of carbon (or any other Greenhouse gas) is released into the atmosphere.